Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) are increasing popularity as a sophisticated wastewater treatment technology. Central to the success of MBRs are hollow fiber membranes, which deliver exceptional filtration capabilities and contribute to the overall efficiency of the system. These membranes, typically made from materials like polysulfone or polypropylen

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile and efficient platform for diverse biotechnological applications. These innovative systems leverage the properties of hollow fiber membranes to facilitate optimized mass transfer, cellular growth, and product formation. This comprehensive review delves into the fundamentals of hollow fiber membr